Automated modes 74 Jean-Michel Arnal and Cenk Kirakli 3. Getting the basics right: mechanical ventilation in specific diseases Invasive ventilation in ARDS 81 Irene Telias, Lieuwe D. Bos and Eddy Fan Invasive ventilation in obstructive airway disease 88 Louis-Marie Galerneau, Claude Guérin and Nicolas Terzi Invasive ventilation in interstitial lung diseases 95 Sunil Patel, Ricardo Estêvão Gomes and Antonio M. Esquinas 4. Monitoring the ventilated patient Monitoring oxygenation 100 Marco Giani and Giacomo Bellani Monitoring ventilation 105 Luis Morales-Quinteros, Lluís Blanch and Antonio Artigas Monitoring respiratory mechanics 111 Cong Lu, Nicole Philips and Lu Chen Monitoring breathing effort 119 Heder J. de Vries and Leo Heunks Electrical impedance tomography 129 Inéz Frerichs, Tobias Becher and Norbert Weiler Monitoring lung aeration: lung ultrasound 136 Ezgi Ozyilmaz and Annia Schreiber Monitoring respiratory muscles: respiratory muscle ultrasound 147 Pieter R. Tuinman and Nic Tjahjadi