Table of contents Contributors vii Preface xiv Get more from this Practical Handbook xvii List of abbreviations xviii Conflicts of interest xix 1. Physiology Mechanisms of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia 1 Rebecca F. D’Cruz and Nicholas Hart Respiratory mechanics 8 Guilherme Benfatti Olivato, Robert Huhle, Marcelo Gama de Abreu and Ary Serpa Neto Effects of invasive ventilation on the lungs 16 Irene Cavalli, Tommaso Tonetti and V. Marco Ranieri Effects of invasive ventilation on the respiratory muscles 26 Annemijn H. Jonkman, Zhong-Hua Shi and Leo Heunks 2. Getting the basics right: artificial airway and ventilator modes Artificial airways 33 Christian S. Bruells and Tim Frenzel Controlled modes 43 Jakob Wittenstein, Robert Huhle and Marcelo Gama de Abreu Partially supported modes 53 Christian Putensen and Stefan Muenster Proportional modes 62 Michela Rauseo and Lise Piquilloud