Marco Giani: reports personal fees from Pfizer, outside the submitted work Rik Gosselink: None declared. Claude Guérin: None declared. Nicholas Hart: reports unrestricted grants from Philips-Respironics, Resmed, B&D Electromedical, and Fisher-Paykel outside of the area of work commented on here with the funds held by Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust financial support from Philips for development of the MYOTRACE technology that has patent filed in Europe (US pending) outside the area of work commented on here personal fees for lecturing from Philips-Respironics, Resmed, Fisher-Paykel outside the area of work commented on here N. Hart is on the Pulmonary Research Advisory Board for Philips outside the area of work commented on here with the funds for this role held and administered by Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. Robert Huhle: None declared. Christina Iezzi: None declared. Annemijn H. Jonkman: None declared. Georgios Kaltsakas: None declared. Cenk Kirakli: None declared. Federico Longhini: has a patent HFNC+CPAP - Intersurgical SpA pending. Cong Lu: None declared. Rudys Magrans: None declared. Jordi Mancebo: None declared. Luis Morales-Quinteros: None declared. Elise Morawiec: None declared. Stefan Muenster: None declared. Paolo Navalesi: reports grants and personal fees from Maquet Critical Care non-financial support from Draeger and Intersurgical SpA personal fees from Orionpharma, Philips, ResMed, MSD Merck Sharp & Dohme and Novartis, all outside the submitted work. In addition, P. Navalesi has a patent NEXT Helmet - Intersursigal SpA with royalties paid, and a patent HFNC+CPAP - Intersurgical SpA pending. Guilherme Benfatti Olivato: None declared. Ezgi Ozyilmaz: None declared.