Chapter 4 – Other diagnostic tests Bronchoscopy 109 Pallav L. Shah Bronchoalveolar lavage 114 Patricia L. Haslam Fine-needle biopsy 122 Stefano Gasparini Medical thoracoscopy/pleuroscopy 124 Robert Loddenkemper Thoracentesis 128 Emilio Canalis and Mari Carmen Gilavert Interventional pulmonology 131 Marc Noppen Chapter 5 – Lung imaging Chest X-ray and fluoroscopy 136 Walter De Wever Lung CT and MRI 141 Johny A. Verschakelen HRCT of the chest 146 Johny A. Verschakelen Nuclear medicine of the lung 151 Antonio Palla and Duccio Volterrani