research effort may lead to new evidence. The microbiome revolution is a potential source for a better understanding of the role of microorganisms in the inception, loss of control and natural history of chronic respiratory disorders from the nose to the alveoli. The ultimate challenge is to improve the treatment for patients, and both chest and ENT physicians are relying on each other to understand and better control symptoms and the underlying disease as a whole. Little evidence has been provided so far to assess whether a single local intervention may be an option for curing persistent airways disease. The burst of biologics potentially active in both asthma and nasal polyposis provides perfect support for the “united airways” hypothesis. In summary, we hope that this ERS Monograph will encourage chest physicians to consider upper airways disease seriously and to organise a common and constant dialogue with ENT surgeons to promote research, coordinate management and, ultimately, elicit new treatments for the best care of our patients. La vapeur du tabac vous sort-elle du nez. Sans qu’un voisin ne crie au feu de cheminée? [That the tobacco-smoke spouts from your nose. Do not the neighbours cry “The chimney is afire”?] Cyrano de Bergerac [2] References 1. Wallaërt B, Chanez P, Godard P, eds. The Nose and Lung Diseases (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2001. 2. Rostand E. Cyrano de Bergerac: A Play in Five Acts. 1897. Project Gutenberg 1254/1256. Available from: www. gutenberg.org Date last accessed: April 17, 2017. Support statement: C. Bachert is supported by the Sixth European Union Framework Programme (contract no. FOOD-CT-2004-506378) and the Seventh European Union Framework Programme (grant agreement 260895 (PREDICTA)), and by the Flemish Scientific Research Board (FWO) (projects 1841713N, G.039412N, G.067512N, BOF14/GOA/019 and BOF01J01113). Disclosures: A. Bourdin reports grants from GSK and Boeringher Ingelheim, personal fees from AstraZeneca, GSK, Boeringher Ingelheim, Novartis, Teva, Regeneron, Chiesi, Actelion and Roche, nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, Boeringher Ingelheim, Novartis, Chiesi, Actelion and Roche, and other fees from AstraZeneca, GSK, Boeringher Ingelheim, Novartis, Teva, Regeneron, Chiesi, Actelion and Gilead. P. Chanez reports grants and personal fees from Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Centocor, GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Teva, Chiesi and Schering Plough, a grant from AMU, and personal fees from MSD. xii https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10008117
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