Advances in tuberculosis treatment. Are we moving forward in the quest for shorter, safer, effective regimens? 8. The basis of tuberculosis treatment: fundamental concepts before treating 104 a patient Jose A. Caminero, Rupak Singla, Anna Scardigli, Amitesh Gupta, Guillermo Pérez-Mendoza and Alberto Mendoza 9. Treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis 117 Christoph Lange, Thomas Theo Brehm, Dumitru Chesov, Yousra Kherabi and Lorenzo Guglielmetti Prevention 10. Diagnosis of tuberculosis infection 139 Srishti Chhabra, Sean Wu, Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Delia Goletti and Catherine W.M. Ong 11. Preventive therapies for tuberculosis infection 151 Alberto Matteelli, Luca Rossi, Sofia Lovatti, Anna Cristina C. Carvalho and Anita Sforza 12. How close are we to a new, effective tuberculosis vaccine? Recent 164 advances in the field Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Michele Tameris, Justin Shenje, Anele Gela, Elisa Nemes, Thomas J. Scriba and Mark Hatherill 13. Genomic approaches to tuberculosis management and control 178 Iñaki Comas, Mariana G. López, Álvaro Chiner-Oms, Maha R. Farhat, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Josefina Campos and Miguel Moreno-Molina Tuberculosis in different populations and specific situations 14. The challenge of post-tuberculosis lung disease 191 Andrea Rachow, Naomi F. Walker, Brian Allwood, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Anthony Byrne and Jamilah Meghji 15. Tuberculosis in children and adolescents: a forgotten group in a 210 forgotten disease Elisa López-Varela, Isabelle Munyangaju, Chishala Chabala, Moorine Sekadde and James A. Seddon 16. Protecting the most vulnerable: tuberculosis in immunocompromised 235 individuals Egídio Torrado, Reinout vanCrevel, Ana Raquel Afonso, Diana Amorim and Raquel Duarte 17. Tuberculosis in prisons: a growing global health concern 251 Guillermo Sequera, Gladys Estigarribia, Katharine S. Walter, Rafael Lopez, Jason Andrews and Julio Croda 18. How do migrations affect tuberculosis burden? Tuberculosis control 267 among migrant populations Heinke Kunst, Dominik Zenner and Giovanni Sotgiu