TABLE 3Continued Drug Age Daily dose Maximum dose Comments Imipenem–cilastatin ⩾15 years 1 g/1 g twice daily Imipenem– may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years Not used in patients aged 15 years Isoniazid ⩾15 years Standard dose: 4– mg·kg−1 300 mg Pyridoxine is given with isoniazid in patients at risk (those with HIV or malnutrition). High dose: 10–15 mg·kg−1 15 years 7–15 mg·kg−1 300 mg Levofloxacin ⩾15 years ⩽45 kg: 750 mg 45 kg: 1000 mg 1500 mg Levofloxacin should be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years 10–15 mg·kg−1 1500 mg Linezolid ⩾15 years 600 mg 1200 mg Linezolid should be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years 1–15 kg: 15 mg·kg−1 15 kg: 10–12 mg·kg−1 600 mg Meropenem ⩾15 years 1 g three times daily or 2 g twice daily Meropenem may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. Must be administered with clavulanic acid (only available in combination with amoxicillin or ampicillin). 15 years 20–40 mg·kg−1three times daily Moxifloxacin ⩾15 years Standard dose: 400 mg 400 mg Moxifloxacin should be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. High dose: 600–800 mg 800 mg 15 years ⩾6 months: 10–15 mg·kg−1 6 months: 10 mg·kg−1 400 mg Para-aminosalicylic acid ⩾15 years 8–12 g per day in 2– divided doses 12 g Para-aminosalicylic acid may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens only if bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine or delamanid are not used, or if better options to compose a regimen are not possible. 15 years 200–300 mg·kg−1in 2 divided doses Pretomanid ⩾15 years 200 mg 200 mg Pretomanid is the newest anti-TB drug on the market and is part of the BPaL(M) regimen. Clinical experience is as yet limited. 15 years Not recommended Protionamid ⩾15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 1000 mg Prothionamide may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens only if bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine or delamanid are not used, or if better options to compose a regimen are not possible. 15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 Pyrazinamide ⩾15 years 20–30 mg·kg−1 Pyrazinamide may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years 30–40 mg·kg−1 Continued 124 https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10024622 ERS MONOGRAPH |THE CHALLENGE OF TB IN THE 21ST CENTURY