TABLE 3Dosage for drugs used in TB regimens for adults and children Drug Age Daily dose Maximum dose Comments Amikacin ⩾15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 1000 mg Amikacin may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients aged ⩾18 years on longer regimens when susceptibility has been demonstrated and adequate measures to monitor for adverse reactions can be ensured. If amikacin is not available, streptomycin may replace amikacin under the same conditions. 15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 1000 mg Bedaquiline ⩾15 years 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks, then 200 mg M/W/F for 22 weeks 400 mg Bedaquiline should be included in longer MDR-TB regimens for patients aged⩾18 years. (Strong recommendation, moderate certainty of evidence.) Bedaquiline may also be included in longer MDR-TB regimens for patients aged 6– years. (Conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence.) In children with MDR-/RR-TB aged 6 years, an all-oral treatment with bedaquiline may be used. 15 years 29 kg: 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks, then 200 mg M/W/F for 22 weeks 15–29 kg: 200 mg once daily for 2 weeks, then 100 mg once daily M/W/F for 22 weeks Clavulanic acid ⩾15 years 125 mg as amoxicillin/clavulanate 500/125 mg Clavulanic acid should not be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. Only to be used with carbapenems. Given orally 30 min before each infusion. 15 years 62.5 mg as amoxicillin/clavulanate 250/62.5 mg Clofazimine ⩾15 years 100 mg 100 mg Clofazimine may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years 2–5 mg·kg−1 100 mg Cycloserine ⩾15 years 10–15 mg·kg−1 1000 mg Cycloserine may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 1000 mg Delamanid ⩾15 years 100 mg twice daily 200 mg Delamanid may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients aged ⩾3 years on longer regimens. In children with MDR-/RR-TB aged 3 years delamanid may be used as part of longer regimens. 15 years 3–5 years: 25 mg twice daily 6–11 years: 50 mg twice daily 12–17 years: 100 mg twice daily 200 mg Ethambutol ⩾15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 Ethambutol may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens. 15 years 15–25 mg·kg−1 Ethionamide ⩾15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 Ethionamide may be included in the treatment of MDR-/RR-TB patients on longer regimens only if bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine or delamanid are not used, or if better options to compose a regimen are not possible. 15 years 15–20 mg·kg−1 Continued https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10024622 123 TREATMENT OF DS-TB AND DR-TB |C. LANGE ET AL.