12. Cutaneous sarcoidosis 174 Christina Murphy, Joaquim Marcoval, Juan Mañá and Misha Rosenbach 13. The calcium–kidney–bone axis 193 Robert P. Baughman and Elyse E. Lower 14. Non-organ-specific manifestations 206 Vivienne Kahlmann, Divya C. Patel, Lucian T. Marts and Marlies S. Wijsenbeek 15. Hepatic and splenic involvement 223 Florence Jeny and Nabeel Hamzeh 16. Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension 234 Vikramjit Khangoora, Hilario Nunes and Oksana A. Shlobin 17. Rheumatological manifestations 256 Peter Korsten and Nadera J. Sweiss 18. Ocular sarcoidosis 267 Stéphane Giorgiutti, Yasmine Serrar, Thomas El-Jammal, Laurent Kodjikian and Pascal Sève 19. Paediatric sarcoidosis 285 Nadia Nathan and Alice Hadchouel 20. The manifestations of rare organ sarcoidosis 295 Marc A. Judson, Jean Pastre and Dominique Israël-Biet 21. When to treat sarcoidosis 316 Daniel A. Culver and Athol U. Wells 22. Treating sarcoidosis and potential new drugs 328 Canay Caliskan and Antje Prasse 23. Quality-of-life assessment 337 Timothy Tully, Marc A. Judson, Amit Suresh Patel and Surinder S. Birring