11. Pneumocystis jirovecii infection 138 Meghan Fitzpatrick and Alison Morris 12. Viral infections 153 Catia Cillóniz, Maria Angeles Marcos, Antoni Torres and Eva Polverino 13. Other fungal and protozoan infections 171 Gerrit Ahrenstorf and Matthias Stoll 14. Pulmonary malignancies 186 Jean-Paul Sculier, Nathalie Meuleman, Anne-Pascale Meert and Thierry Berghmans 15. Chronic obstructive lung diseases 199 Engi F. Attia and Kristina Crothers 16. Interstitial lung disease 218 Rodrigo Cavallazzi and Jesse Roman 17. Pulmonary arterial hypertension 232 Olivier Sitbon, Laurent Savale, Caroline Sattler, Xavier Jaïs, David Montani, Marc Humbert and Gérald Simonneau 18. Bronchiectasis 247 Montserrat Vendrell, Gerard Muñoz and Javier de Gracia 19. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 253 David M. Murdoch