Preface vii Guest Editors ix Introduction xii List of abbreviations xiii 1. The global epidemiology of HIV 1 Willem Daniel Francois Venter 2. Current antiretroviral therapy 12 Alex P. Salam and Anton L. Pozniak 3. Pulmonary immunity 26 Martin Gnoni and Julio A. Ramirez 4. Vaccines 36 Christian Manzardo, Agathe Leon, Pedro Castro, Guillermo Mena, Felipe García and José M. Miró 5. Lung transplantation 60 Hendrik Suhling, Mark Greer and Jens Gottlieb 6. HIV in pregnancy: diagnostic and therapeutic implications 71 for the newborn Mark Fredric Cotton, Stuart Maxwell Kroon and Helena Rabie 7. A paediatric perspective 84 Robin J. Green, Adéle Pentz, Jessica Kolberg and Refiloe Masekela 8. Bacterial community-acquired pneumonia 98 Charles Feldman and Ronald Anderson 9. Tuberculosis 112 Giovanni Sotgiu, James Brown, Marc Lipman, Andrea Piana, Alberto Matteelli, Rosella Centis, Stefano Aliberti and Giovanni Battista Migliori 10. Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections 128 Paula Peyrani and Julio A. Ramirez ERS monograph Contents Pulmonary Complications of HIV Number 66 December 2014