Contents Guest Editors v Preface vi Introduction viii 1. Ventilator-induced lung injury 1 T. Maron-Gutierrez, P. Pelosi and P.R.M. Rocco 2. Ventilator strategies in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure 19 A. Esan, D. Hess, C. Sessler, L. George, C. Oribabor, F. Khusid and S. Raoof 3. Recruitment manoeuvres in patients with acute lung injury 40 T. Paterson and E. Fan 4. Surfactant therapy in acute lung injury/acute respiratory 54 distress syndrome J. Kesecioglu and M.M.J. van Eijk 5. NIV in hypoxaemic acute respiratory failure 65 J-C Lefebvre, S. Dimassi and L. Brochard 6. Biphasic PAP/airway pressure release ventilation in ALI 81 A. Güldner, N.C. Carvalho P. Pelosi and M. Gama de Abreu 7. Proportional assist ventilation 97 E. Akoumianaki, E. Kondili and D. Georgopoulos 8. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist 116 P. Navalesi, D. Colombo, G. Cammarota and R. Vaschetto 9. Helium as a therapeutic gas: an old idea needing some new thought 124 J. Carr, B. Jung, G. Chanques and S. Jaber 10. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 133 A. Zanella, V. Scaravilli, G. Grasselli, N. Patroniti, and A. Pesenti 11. Extracorporeal lung support to remove carbon dioxide 142 P. Terragni, A. Birocco and V.M. Ranieri Number 55 March 2012