Editorial Board: Christian B. Laursen (Deputy Chief Editor Odense, Denmark), Francesco Bonella (Essen, Germany), Daniela Gompelmann (Vienna, Austria), David S. Hui (Hong Kong), Holly R. Keir (Dundee, UK) and Maria Molina Molina (Catalunya, Spain). Managing Editor: Rachel Gozzard European Respiratory Society, 442 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2PX, UK Tel: 44 114 2672860 | E-mail: monograph@ersnet.org Production and editing: Caroline Ashford-Bentley, Clarissa Charles, Jonathan Hansen, Claire Marchant, Catherine Pumphrey and Kay Sharpe Published by European Respiratory Society ©2022 December 2022 Print ISBN: 978-1-84984-154-2 Online ISBN: 978-1-84984-155-9 Print ISSN: 2312-508X Online ISSN: 2312-5098 Typesetting by Nova Techset Private Limited Printed by Page Bros Group Ltd, Norwich, UK All material is copyright to ­European Respiratory Society. It may not be reproduced in any way including electronic means ­ without the express permission of the company. Statements in the volume reflect the views of the authors, and not necessarily those of the European Respiratory Society, editors or publishers.