xviii Robin Germany is an employee of ZOLL Medical Inc. Maelle Guellerin is supported by: ‘My Way to Health’ via the French National Research Agency in the framework of the ‘Investissements d’avenir’ programme (ANR-15-IDEX-02) and the ‘e-health and integrated care and trajectories medicine and MIAI artificial intelligence’ Chairs of Excellence from the Grenoble Alpes University Foundation. Chapters 16.2 and 16.3 were was partially supported by MIAI@Grenoble Alpes (ANR-19-P3IA-0003). Maelle Guellerin would like to thank Alison Foote (Aide-à-la-Pub, Grenoble, France) for critically editing chapter 16.2 and improving English usage. Shahrokh Javaheri is a consultant to Zoll Respicardia, has advised Jazz Pharmaceuticals on various medications and is on the speaker bureau of Idorsia. Shahrokh Javaheri received support from Zoll Respicardia for the section on “Continuous positive airway pressure or adaptive servo ventilation in patients with opioid-induced sleep disordered breathing”. Ulf Kallweit reports receiving honoraria for consulting and lecturing from AOP Health, Bioprojet, Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Takeda. Barry Kennedy received re-imbursement for registration fees, flights and accommodation for ESRS 2022 from Bioprojet, outside the submitted work. Brian D. Kent reports receiving the following, outside the submitted work: educational travel bursaries from Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi and Napp and research funding from Itamar Medical. Brian D. Kent has participated in advisory boards and/or received speakers’ fees from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis and Teva. Brian D. Kent is the Chief Editor of Breathe (published by the European Respiratory Society) Marie Marklund reports receiving honoraria for a webinar from the European Orthodontic Society, outside the submitted work. Frederik Massie is a consultant for ResMed. Ludovico Messineo has in the past acted as a consultant for Apnimed (a company that develops pharmacological therapies for sleep apnoea). Emilia C. Monteiro reports receiving the following, outside the submitted work: grants or contracts from Cambridge Electronics Design Limited, Oxford Optronics, Caltecnica/Controltecnica and SICGEN Antibodies. Emilia C. Monteiro was the President of the International Society of Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC) (2018–2022). Annabel H. Nickol was provided with accommodation and meeting registration to participate in the CARE conference 2022, supported by Fisher &Pykel she was offered an honorarium which was donated to local charities. Annabel H. Nickol is a medical advisor and trustee of the patient charity the Sleep Apnoea Trust.