Transthoracic ultrasound 160 Jane A. Shaw, Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier and Coenraad F.N. Koegelenberg Lung CT and MRI 169 Johny A. Verschakelen HRCT of the chest 175 Johny A. Verschakelen Nuclear medicine of the lung 181 Antonio Palla and Duccio Volterrani Sputum and exhaled breath analysis 187 Patrizia Pignatti, Dina Visca, Elisiana Carpagnano, Francesca Cherubino and Antonio Spanevello Microbiology testing and interpretation 194 Margareta Ieven and Veerle Matheeussen Laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections 201 Claudio Piersimoni Biopsy 207 Stefano Gasparini 5 – General principles of treatment modalities and prevention measures Inhaled drug therapy 210 Omar S. Usmani Systemic pharmacotherapy 215 Mario Cazzola, Paola Rogliani and Maria Gabriella Matera Allergen-specific immunotherapy 223 Christian Taube Immunotherapies in lung cancer 227 Niels Reinmuth ERS_Handbook.pdf 5 ERS_Handbook.pdf 8/30/2019 2:11:39 PM 8/30/2019 2:11:39