Lung involvement in the immunocompromised host 324 Rossa Brugha and Paul Aurora Microbiology and infectivity 331 Elpis Hatziagorou, Emmanuel Roilides and John Tsanakas Immunisation against respiratory pathogens 339 Horst von Bernuth, Volker Strenger and Philippe Stock 7 – Asthma and wheezing disorders Epidemiology and phenotypes of asthma and wheezing 348 disorders Franca Rusconi, Cristina Ardura-Garcia and Claudia E. Kuehni Genetic and environmental factors in asthma and wheezing 355 disorders Erika von Mutius Preschool wheezing 361 Giorgio Piacentini and Laura Tenero Asthma 369 Mariëlle Pijnenburg, Antonella Frassanito and Alexander Moeller Difficult and severe asthma 382 Andrew Bush and Louise Selby 8 – Allergic disorders Anaphylaxis 390 Antonella Muraro and Stefania Arasi Allergic rhinitis 396 Michele Miraglia del Giudice, Annalisa Allegorico, Fabio Decimo and Anna Maria Zicari Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 406 Andrew Bush and Dominic Hughes Diagnosis and basic management of associated allergic 414 conditions Maurizio Mennini, Stefania Arasi, Vincenzo Fierro, Maria Cristina Artesani and Alessandro Giovanni Fiocchi In vivo and in vitro allergy diagnostics 422 Gunilla Hedlin and Jon Konradsen