Respiratory mechanics 77 Oliver Fuchs Reversibility, bronchial provocation testing and exercise testing 83 Kai-Håkon Carlsen Blood gas assessment and oximetry 93 Paola Papoff, Fabio Midulla and Corrado Moretti Exhaled nitric oxide, induced sputum and exhaled breath analysis 100 Johan C. de Jongste Pulmonary function testing in infants and preschool children 107 Enrico Lombardi, Graham L. Hall and Claudia Calogero Single- and multiple-breath washout techniques 113 Sophie Yammine and Philipp Latzin Forced oscillation techniques 118 Shannon J. Simpson and Graham L. Hall Polysomnography 122 Sedat Oktem and Refika Ersu Chapter 4 – Airway endoscopy Flexible bronchoscopy 132 Jacques de Blic Bronchoalveolar lavage 140 Fabio Midulla, Raffaella Nenna and Ernst Eber Bronchial brushing and bronchial and transbronchial biopsies 146 Petr Pohunek and Tamara Svobodová Rigid and interventional endoscopy 151 Thomas Nicolai General anaesthesia, conscious sedation and local anaesthesia 156 Jacques de Blic and Caroline Telion