11. Cardiovascular effects of innovative therapies in lung cancer 154 Anne-Claire Toffart, Hélène Pluchart and Nicolas Girard 12. Cardiovascular implications of pulmonary hypertension due to 167 chronic respiratory diseases Etienne-Marie Jutant, Maria-Rosa Ghigna, David Montani and Marc Humbert 13. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in pulmonary embolism 184 Behnood Bikdeli, Carmen Rodríguez, Alberto García-Ortega and David Jiménez 14. The cardiovascular system in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 198 Sy Giin Chong, Toyoshi Yanagihara and Martin R.J. Kolb 15. Cardiovascular consequences of community-acquired pneumonia and 212 other pulmonary infections Raúl Méndez, Paula González-Jiménez, Laura Feced, Enrique Zaldívar and Rosario Menéndez Cardiovascular risk of pulmonary pharmacology 16. β2-adrenoceptor modulation in COPD and its potential impact on 229 cardiovascular comorbidities Maria Gabriella Matera and Reynold A. Panettieri Jr 17. Characterising the cardiovascular safety profile of inhaled muscarinic 238 receptor antagonists Daiana Stolz and Mario Cazzola 18. Impact of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with cardiovascular disease 251 Dharani Narendra and Nicola A. Hanania 19. Cardiovascular side-effects of common antibiotics 264 Francesco Amati, Marta Di Pasquale, Marcos I. Restrepo, Judith Marin-Corral, Stefano Aliberti and Francesco Blasi 20. The cardiovascular effects of xanthines and selective PDE inhibitors: 279 a risk–benefit analysis Roberta Fusco, Rosanna Di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Maria Gabriella Matera and Clive Page The future 21. Future challenges 287 Don D. Sin Case reports Case 1 300 Hirohito Sano, Taizou Hirano, Akira Koarai and Masakazu Ichinose Case 2 305 Bruno Revol, Ingrid Jullian-Desayes, Renaud Tamisier and Marie Joyeux-Faure Case 3 314 Samia Rached and Rodrigo Athanazio