AUC area under the curve BAL bronchoalveolar lavage CAP community-acquired pneumonia COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CRP C-reactive protein CT computed tomography ESBL extended-spectrum -lactamase HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia HIV human immunodeficiency virus ICU intensive care unit IFN interferon IL interleukin LRTI lower respiratory tract infection MAC Mycobacterium avium complex MDR multidrug-resistant MIC minimum inhibitory concentration MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MSSA methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus NTM nontuberculous mycobacteria PCR polymerase chain reaction PCT procalcitonin RCT randomised controlled trial TB tuberculosis TNF tumour necrosis factor VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia XDR extensively drug-resistant List of abbreviations