Research and innovation, alongside use of the latest tools and guidelines, are essential in the mission to save millions of lives. These tools will help us realise the targets of reduced TB incidence and TB death outlined in the WHO’s End TB Strategy and the Global Strategy for TB Research and Innovation. This Monograph’s authors and Guest Editors highlight that, while being a preventable and curable disease, TB remains one of the world’s top infectious killers, affecting millions every year, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Progress towards achieving the global target of ending TB is lagging behind and has been pushed back by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to WHO-recommended rapid molecular diagnostics, and new, effective and shorter TB regimens (including DR-TB treatment) remains limited. Only 60% of people with TB disease accessed treatment in 2021, according to the WHO’s Global Tuberculosis Report. We need to do better. This Monograph provides clear answers on what should be done to fast-track the TB response and reach targets, saving lives. I would like to specifically acknowledge the focus on accelerating the development of new, effective TB vaccines as a game changer in the fight against TB, and on strengthening the meaningful engagement of civil society and TB-affected communities in the TB response. I would also like to express my special appreciation of the international team of Guest Editors who brought this Monograph together – Alberto L. García-Basteiro from Spain, Füsun Öner Eyüboğlu from Turkey and Molebogeng X. Rangaka from South Africa. In September 2023, Heads of State will come together at the second United Nations high-level meeting on TB, to deliberate on and reinvigorate commitments to end TB. This presents a landmark opportunity to strengthen global cooperation and solidarity required to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and accelerate efforts towards ending TB. The launch of this Monograph is timely and can help inform stakeholders on the challenges and priorities to end this ancient disease once and for all. We have the tools, and with commitment, unity and dedication we can end TB. T. Kasaeva is a staff member of the WHO. The author alone is responsible for the views expressed in this Foreword and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the WHO. This Foreword is published with the permission of the WHO. Disclosures: None declared. viii https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10027722