TABLE 5Continued Name Dosage, mg·kg-1body weight Adverse events per system ART drug interactions Clofazimine 2– Skin discoloration, ichthyosis, QT interval prolongation, abdominal pain Cycloserine or terizidone 15– Neurological and psychological adverse effects, severe depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents Delamanid Dose per weight bands as outlined in WHO guidelines Nausea and vomiting, dizziness, paraesthesia, anxiety, QTc prolongation, hallucinations and night terrors Protease inhibitors (LPV/r, ATV/r and darunavir): increase the plasma levels of delamanid but with no clinical side-effect Meropenem 20–40 every 8 h Hypersensitivity reactions, seizures, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatic and renal dysfunction needs to be given intravenously Amikacin 15– Ototoxicity (irreversible) and nephrotoxicity, needs to be giveni.v. not recommended and should only be used in exceptional cases as salvage therapy Streptomycin 20– As for amikacin Ethionamide or prothionamide 15–20 (use in TBM) Gastrointestinal intolerance, metallic taste, hypothyroidism p-Aminosalicylic acid 200–300 in two divided doses Gastrointestinal intolerance, hypothyroidism, hepatitis Amoxicillin-clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) Only to be used with carbapenems Gastrointestinal intolerance, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures, hepatic and renal dysfunction Pretomanid No weight-based dosing proposed (used as part BPaL regimen) Peripheral neuropathy, acne, anaemia, nausea and vomiting, headache, liver dysfunction, rash, pruritus, gastrointestinal intolerance TBM: TB meningitis ATV/r: atazanavir+ritonavir LPV/r: lopinavir+ritonavir QTc: corrected QT interval BPaL: bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid. 228 https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10025322 ERS MONOGRAPH |THE CHALLENGE OF TB IN THE 21ST CENTURY