TABLE 5List of anti-TB drugs Name Dosage, mg·kg-1body weight Adverse events per system ART drug interactions Isoniazid 7–15 (maximum dose 300 mg) Dermatological: mild to severe maculopapular rash, pruritus, severe urticaria or anaphylaxis (rare) Systemic: moderate to severe hypersensitivity reactions and flu-like syndrome (rare) Haematological: mild to severe marrow suppression, which may result in decreased haemoglobin, platelets and white blood cells (rare) High-dose isoniazid: 15–20 (maximum dose 400 mg) Neurotoxicity: mild to severe peripheral neuropathy (common in severely malnourished and HIV-positive children, otherwise rare) Ophthalmic: severe optic neuropathy, neuritis (rare) Hepatic: mild to severe hepatitis, unexplained nausea, decreased appetite and vomiting may appear before jaundice (more common in HIV-positive children) Rifampicin 10–20 (maximum 600 mg) Dermatological: mild to severe maculopapular rash, pruritus, severe urticaria or anaphylaxis (rare), mild transient flushing reactions (rare) Haematological: mild to severe marrow suppression, which may result in decreased haemoglobin, platelets and white blood cells (rare) Rifampicin and nevirapine: rifampicin reduces plasma levels of nevirapine by∼40%, with little effect on efavirenz Rifampicin and lopinavir: rifampicin reduces plasma levels of lopinavir by∼80% TBM: 22.5–30 (maximum 600 mg) Systemic: hepatitis, discoloration of secretions Rifampicin and dolutegravir: rifampicin reduces plasma concentration of dolutegravir by 54% Rifampicin and ATV/r: there are significant interactions and they must never be co-administered Continued 226 https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10025322 ERS MONOGRAPH |THE CHALLENGE OF TB IN THE 21ST CENTURY