5 World Health Organization. Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis: rapid communication. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2021. 6 World Health Organization. Rapid communication: key changes to the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2022. 7 World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 5: management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2022. 8 Lange C, Barry CE3rd, Horsburgh CR, Jr. Treatments of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: light at the end of the tunnel. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022 205: 1142–1144. 9 Lange C, Dheda K, Chesov D, et al. Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet 2019 394: 953–966. 10 Bloemberg GV, Keller PM, Stucki D, et al. Acquired resistance to bedaquiline and delamanid in therapy for tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2015 373: 1986–1988. 11 Koehler N, Andres S, Merker M, et al. Pretomanid-resistant tuberculosis. J Infect 2023 86: 520–524. 12 Keers RY. Two forgotten pioneers. James Carson and George Bodington. Thorax 1980 35: 483–489. 13 Daniel TM. Hermann Brehmer and the origins of tuberculosis sanatoria. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011 15: 161– 162, i. 14 Murray JF. Bill Dock and the location of pulmonary tuberculosis: how bed rest might have helped consumption. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 168: 1029–1033. 15 Murray JF, Schraufnagel DE, Hopewell PC. Treatment of tuberculosis. A historical perspective. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015 12: 1749–1759. 16 Rosenblatt MB. Pulmonary tuberculosis: evolution of modern therapy. Bull N Y Acad Med 1973: 49: 163–196. 17 Bignall JR. A century of treating tuberculosis. Tubercle 1982 63: 19–22. 18 Riva MA. From milk to rifampicin and back again: history of failures and successes in the treatment for tuberculosis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014: 67: 661–665. 19 Benedek TG. The history of gold therapy for tuberculosis. J Hist Med Allied Sci 2004 59: 50–89. 20 Odell JA. The history of surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorac Surg Clin 2012 22: 257–269. 21 Martini M, Gazzaniga V, Behzadifar M, et al. The history of tuberculosis: the social role of sanatoria for the treatment of tuberculosis in Italy between the end of the 19th century and the middle of the 20th. J Prev Med Hyg 2018 59: E323–E327. 22 Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre. A concurrent comparison of home and sanatorium treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in South India. Bull World Health Organ 1959 21: 51–144. 23 Keshavjee S, Farmer PE. Tuberculosis, drug resistance, and the history of modern medicine. N Engl J Med 2012 367: 931–936. 24 Hinshaw HC, Feldman WH, Pfuetze KH. Treatment of tuberculosis with streptomycin a summary of observations on one hundred cases. J Am Med Assoc 1946 132: 778–782. 25 Jellinek K. Streptomycin in the treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis early results. N Engl J Med 1949 240: 680–683. 26 Medical Research Council. STREPTOMYCIN treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Br Med J 1948 2: 769–782. 27 Fox W, Sutherland I, Daniels M. A five-year assessment of patients in a controlled trial of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis report to the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Trials Committee of the Medical Research Council. Q J Med 1954 23: 347–366. 28 Zumla AI, Gillespie SH, Hoelscher M, et al. New antituberculosis drugs, regimens, and adjunct therapies: needs, advances, and future prospects. Lancet Infect Dis 2014 14: 327–340. 29 Tempel CW, Hughes FJ, Jr, Mardis RE, et al. Combined intermittent regimens employing streptomycin and para-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis a comparison with daily and intermittent dosage schedules. Am Rev Tuberc 1951 63: 295–311. 30 Fox W, Ellard GA, Mitchison DA. Studies on the treatment of tuberculosis undertaken by the British Medical Research Council tuberculosis units, 1946–1986, with relevant subsequent publications. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999 3: 10 Suppl 2, S231–S279-. 31 Dorman SE, Nahid P, Kurbatova EV, et al. Four-month rifapentine regimens with or without moxifloxacin for tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2021 384: 1705–1718. 32 Campbell EA, Korzheva N, Mustaev A, et al. Structural mechanism for rifampicin inhibition of bacterial rna polymerase. Cell 2001 104: 901–912. 33 Bernardes-Genisson V, Deraeve C, Chollet A, et al. Isoniazid: an update on the multiple mechanisms for a singular action. Curr Med Chem 2013 20: 4370–4385. 34 Wang F, Langley R, Gulten G, et al. Mechanism of thioamide drug action against tuberculosis and leprosy. J Exp Med 2007 204: 73–78. 35 Zhang Y, Shi W, Zhang W, et al. Mechanisms of pyrazinamide action and resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2013 2: 1–12. 36 Aldred KJ, Blower TR, Kerns RJ, et al. Fluoroquinolone interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase: enhancing drug activity against wild-type and resistant gyrase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016 113: E839–E846. https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10024622 135 TREATMENT OF DS-TB AND DR-TB |C. LANGE ET AL.