cardiovascular disease [23], diabetes and metabolic disorders [24], and mental health [25]. These clinical chapters: review the epidemiology of tobacco use discuss the barriers to quitting and the benefits of tobacco cessation explain how different diseases are either associated with, or caused or worsened by smoking and include recommendations to help smokers to quit based on the current evidence, for use in specific clinical contexts. Chapters 8, 13 and 14 present real-life smoking-cessation cases in people with asthma, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes [23, 24, 26]. E-cigarette use is increasing globally and has been classified as a youth epidemic in some countries. Nicotine exposure during foetal development, childhood and adolescence is harmful to brain development. The last two chapters of the Monograph are dedicated to the challenge of preventing tobacco and nicotine use and SHS exposure among youth and pregnant women [27, 28]. Our main aim when compiling this Monograph was to help and guide clinicians in the implementation of smoking cessation into their everyday practice. We also believe this Monograph will update the reader on the policy and system changes needed for population-wide smoking cessation. From working with an individual patient to affecting global policies, we can still achieve a tobacco- and nicotine-free world. References 1. Gibson GJ, Loddenkemper R, Lundbäck B, et al. Respiratory health and disease in Europe: the new European Lung White Book. Eur Respir J 2013 42: 559–563. 2. Forum of International Respiratory Societies. The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease. 2nd Edn. Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2017. 3. World Health Organisation (WHO). Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013. 4. Lianov L, Johnson M. Physician competencies for prescribing lifestyle medicine. JAMA 2010 304: 202–203. 5. Tønnesen P, Carrozzi L, Fagerström KO, et al. Smoking cessation in patients with respiratory diseases: a high priority, integral component of therapy. Eur Respir J 2007 29: 390–417. 6. Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Andreas S, Lewis KE, et al. Statement on smoking cessation in COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit. Eur Respir J 2015 46: 61–79. 7. Nardini S. Smoking Cessation (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2008. 8. Hedman L, Katsaounou PA, Filippidis FT, et al. Receiving support to quit smoking and quit attempts among smokers with and without smoking related diseases: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tob Induc Dis 2018 16: A14. 9. World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019. Offer help to quit. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2019. 10. US Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2020. 11. Glantz SA, Bareham DW. E-cigarettes: use, effects on smoking, risks, and policy implications. Ann Rev Public Health 2018 39: 215–235. 12. Pisinger C, Dagli E, Filippidis FT, et al. ERS and tobacco harm reduction. Eur Respir J 2019 54: 1902009. 13. Bals R, Boyd J, Esposito S, et al. Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. Eur Resp J 2019 53: 1801151. 14. Ferkol TW, Farber HF, La Grutta S, et al. Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies. Eur Respir J 2018 51: 1800278. 15. World Bank. Curbing the epidemic: governments and the economics of tobacco control. Washington DC, World Bank Publications, 1999. 16. Hedman L, Ashley D, Filippidis F, et al. Tobacco is still the most important preventable cause of respiratory diseases. In: Belo Ravara S, Dağli E, Katsaounou P, et al., eds. Supporting Tobacco Cessation (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2021 pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10026720 xiii