12. Molecular phenotypes 184 Kian Fan Chung, Stelios Pavlidis and Ian M. Adcock 13. Metabolic dysfunction 195 Anne E. Dixon and Fernando Holguin 14. Corticosteroid responsiveness and resistance 211 Pankaj Bhavsar, Georgina Harmer, Ian M. Adcock and Kian Fan Chung 15. Mechanisms in children 231 Joerg Mattes and Stanley Szefler 16. Evaluation and management in children 246 Mehtap Haktanir Abul, Ahmad Salahaddine Naja, Anne Fitzpatrick, Wanda Phipatanakul and Louise Fleming 17. Evaluation of difficult-to-treat and severe asthma in adults 265 Elliot Israel and Helen Reddel 18. Biologics targeting type 2 inflammation 285 Ian D. Pavord, Rahul Shrimanker and Nicola A. Hanania 19. Nonpharmacological interventions: behavioural and 304 interventional approaches Vamsi P. Guntur and Michael E. Wechsler 20. Management in adults 315 Peter G. Gibson, Kian Fan Chung and Elliot Israel 21. The next decade of continuing progress 327 Kian Fan Chung, Elliot Israel and Peter G. Gibson Case 1 334 Anne E. Vertigan and Christopher L. Grainge Case 2 338 Claire N. McBrien and Andrew Menzies-Gow Case 3 342 Christopher H. Fanta Case 4 345 Katarzyna Duszyk, Peter G. Gibson and Vanessa M. McDonald