v References 1. Loddenkemper R, et al. HERMES: a European core syllabus in respiratory medicine. Breathe 2006 3: 59–69. 2. Loddenkemper R, et al. European curriculum recommendations for training in adult respiratory medicine: crossing boundaries with HERMES. Eur Respir J 2008 32: 538–540. 3. Loddenkemper R, et al. European curriculum recommendations for training in adult respiratory medicine. Breathe 2008 5: 80–120. 4. Tabin N, et al. Update of the ERS international Adult Respiratory Medicine syllabus for postgraduate training. Breathe 2018 14: 19–28. 5. Loddenkemper R, et al. Adult HERMES: criteria for accreditation of ERS European training centres in adult respiratory medicine. Breathe 2010 7: 171–188. 6. Loddenkemper R, et al. Multiple choice and the only answer: the HERMES examination. Breathe 2008 4: 244–246. 7. Palange P, et al. eds. ERS Handbook of Respiratory Medicine. 3rd Edn. Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2019. Konrad E. Bloch Past Chair, ERS HERMES Examination Committee Thomas Brack Past Member, ERS HERMES Examination Committee Silvia Ulrich Past Chair, ERS HERMES Examination Committee We hope that all readers of this handbook will enjoy solving the problems presented in the case vignettes and questions, and benefit from assessing and refreshing their knowledge in respiratory medicine.