PUBLISHED BY THE EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOCIETY EDITORS Konrad E. Bloch with Thomas Brack and Silvia Ulrich AUTHORS AND REVIEWERS ERS STAFF Alice Bartlett, Rachel Gozzard, Jonathan Hansen, Aimée Hill, Catherine Pumphrey © 2022 European Respiratory Society Design by Clarissa Charles and Claire Marchant, ERS Typeset in India by TechSet Printed in the UK by Page Bros. Group Ltd All material is copyright to the European Respiratory Society. It may not be reproduced in any way including electronically without the express permission of the society. CONTACT, PERMISSIONS AND SALES REQUESTS: European Respiratory Society, 442 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2PX, UK Tel: +44 114 2672860 Fax: +44 114 2665064 e-mail: books@ersnet.org ISBN 978-1-84984-160-3 Charlotte Berlier Konrad E. Bloch Thomas Brack Dragos Bumbacea Maged Hassan Georgios Kaltsakas Maria Kokosi Gabor Kovacs Lisette Kunz Yvonne Nussbaumer Alexis Papadopoulos Andriana Papaioannou Winfried Randerath Anthony E. Redington Christine Rüegg Szymon Skoczyski Guillermo Suárez-Cuartín Silvia Ulrich