11. Bronchiectasis: from orphan disease to precision medicine 150 Hayoung Choi and James D. Chalmers 12. α 1 -Antitrypsin deficiency and other rare forms of emphysema 165 Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Sabina Janciauskiene, Magdalena Pelc, Pavel Strnad and David Parr Pulmonary vascular diseases 13. Pulmonary arterial hypertension 180 Sarah Cullivan and Sean Gaine 14. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 192 Marion Delcroix, Laurent Godinas, Rozenn Quarck, Catharina Belge, Bart Meyns, Geert Maleux and Tom Verbelen 15. Pulmonary hypertension in orphan lung diseases 204 David Montani, Mithum Kularatne, Etienne-Marie Jutant and Marc Humbert 16. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: a liver-induced oxygenation defect 224 Laurent Savale, Fabien Robert, Ly Tu, Marie-Caroline Certain, Audrey Baron, Audrey Coilly, Léa Duhaut, Marc Humbert, Christophe Guignabert and Olivier Sitbon Rare lung diseases in systemic inflammatory disorders 17. Systemic inflammatory diseases with lung involvement 237 Eirini Vasarmidi, Eleni Bibaki and Katerina Antoniou 18. ANCA-associated vasculitis and other pulmonary haemorrhage 254 syndromes Samuel Falde and Ulrich Specks 19. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 267 Yann Nguyen and Loïc Guillevin 20. Idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonias 281 Vincent Cottin 21. Sarcoidosis 293 Francesco Bonella, W. Ennis James and Paolo Spagnolo 22. Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common 310 variable immunodeficiency Heba M. Bintalib, Siobhan O. Burns and John R. Hurst Other rare lung diseases 23. Thoracic endometriosis and catamenial pneumothorax 320 Antonio Bobbio, Vincent de Pauw, Imane Lefqih, Antoine Sion and Marco Alifano 24. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation 331 Berta Saez Gimenez, Merel Hellemons, Stijn E. Verleden, Jens Gottlieb and Geert M. Verleden