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Rare Diseases of the Respiratory System (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2023 pp. 180–191. 15 Delcroix M, Godinas L, Quarck R, et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. In: Wagner TOF, Humbert M, Wijsenbeek M, et al., eds. Rare Diseases of the Respiratory System (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2023 pp. 192–203. 16 Montani D, Kularatne M, Jutant E-M, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in orphan lung diseases. In: Wagner TOF, Humbert M, Wijsenbeek M, et al., eds. Rare Diseases of the Respiratory System (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2023 pp. 204–223. 17 Savale L, Robert F, Tu L, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: a liver-induced oxygenation defect. In: Wagner TOF, Humbert M, Wijsenbeek M, et al., eds. Rare Diseases of the Respiratory System (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2023 pp. 224–236. Disclosures: T.O.F. Wagner reports receiving the following, outside the submitted work: grants or contracts to the University Hospital Frankfurt from the European Commission, the Innovation Fund of the Federal Joint Committee (Germany), Bosch Stiftung, Christiane Herzog Stiftung, Amgen Oncology, AstraZeneca Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Ewimed, Fujifilm, Lilly, MSD, Mediolanum, Olympus, Pfizer Oncology, Roche, Vitalaire, Leo, Medtronic, Covidien, Grifols, Medac Onkologie, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre, Aposan Dr. Kunzer ̈ GmbH, Chiesi, Mylan Healthcare, Nutrcia, PARI, TEVA, VERTEX, Vital/Aire and Zambon payment or honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Germany, Dierks and Comp. GmbH, and Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) and support for attending meetings and/or travel from the University of Milan and the University Hospital Frankfurt. T.O.F. Wagner reports unpaid board, society, committee or advocacy group activities for rare respiratory diseases. M. Humbert reports receiving the following, outside the submitted work: grants or contracts from Acceleron, AOP Orphan, Janssen, Merc and Shou Ti consulting fees from Acceleron, Aerovate, Altavant, AOP Orphan, Bayer, Chiesi, Ferrer, Janssen, Merck, MorphogenIX, Shou Ti and United Therapeutics and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers ’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Janssen and Merck. M. Humbert reports participation on a data safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for Acceleron, Altavant, Janssen, Merck and United Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. M. Wijsenbeek reports no personal fees the Erasmus MC received consultancy or speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Galecto, Horizon Therapeutics, Kinevant Sciences, Molecure, NeRRe Therapeutics, Novartis, PureTech Health, Respivant and Thyron and grants, from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca/Daiichi-Sankyo and Hoffmann-La Roche, outside the submitted work. M. Kreuter reports grants to Thoraxklinik from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche as well as consultancy and speaker fees from CSL Behring, Galapagos, Kinevant, Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche, outside the submitted work. H. Hebestreit reports the following, outside the submitted work: grants or contracts from Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Bavarian Ministry of Science, and Innovation Fund of the Federal Joint Committee (Germany) payment or honoraria from RG Gesellschaft für Information und Organisation mbH, Ärztefortbildung AGPAS, Springer Verlag, Chiesi and Alexion support for attending meetings and/or travel from University of Edinburgh unpaid board, society, committee or advocacy group for Deutsche Gesellschat für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (German Society for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine), Chair of the Committee for Rare Diseases, and Working Group of Centers for Rare Diseases in Germany, Speaker. https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10009923 xiii