(chapter 9 [21]), including management of chronic breathlessness, advance care planning, education, psychosocial support and partnership with palliative care teams. Whilst the evidence for PR emerged in patients with stable COPD, a major development in recent years is our understanding of its benefits in patients with other respiratory diseases. Chapter 10 describes clinical considerations for implementation of PR in patients with ILD, asthma, bronchiectasis, lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension [22]. This Monograph also includes clinical cases describing the application of PR in patients with stable COPD, severe asthma, lung cancer and interstitial lung disease [23–26]. PR has important benefits in patients immediately following a COPD exacerbation, but is challenging to implement. Practical considerations for delivery of rehabilitation following COPD exacerbations, including programme timing and components, are provided in chapter 11 [27]. Chapter 12 goes on to discuss the burden of falls in people with COPD, and the potential to ameliorate this through balance training in PR [28]. Innovations in PR over recent years include new methods to measure and promote physical activity participation, and application of theory-informed behaviour change interventions. Practical strategies to integrate these new approaches into PR are presented in chapters 13 and 14 of this Monograph [29, 30]. Life after PR is also addressed, including strategies to maintain its benefits over time, and maintenance exercise training interventions (chapter 15 [31]). Improving access to high-quality PR services is an enduring challenge for the respiratory community across the world. Practical aspects of establishing a new centre-based PR programme are addressed in chapter 16 [32], including staffing, space, equipment, infection control and programme components. Robust quality control and assurance processes for PR, allowing measurement of outcomes against evidence-based standards, are also described in chapter 17 [33]. The complex factors contributing to poor PR access and uptake are detailed in chapter 18 [34], along with potential solutions, including models suitable for low-resource settings (chapter 19 [35]) and emerging home-based or telerehabilitation models (chapter 20 [36]). PR presents us with enormous opportunities to improve patient and health system outcomes over the coming years, using personalised approaches and innovative programme models (chapter 21 [37]). Our aim in compiling this Monograph is to bring together innovations in science and practice in PR, with the aim of extending its benefits to patients across the globe. References 1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2020. https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf 2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline. 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng115 3. McCarthy B, Casey D, Devane D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 2: CD003793. 4. Puhan MA, Gimeno-Santos E, Cates CJ, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 12: CD005305. https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10010121 xi