Julio A. Ramirez Julio A. Ramirez is the Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases, Professor of Medicine and the Director of the Infectious Diseases Fellowship Training Program at the University of Louisville School of Medicine (Louisville, KY, USA). He received his medical degree and internal medicine training at La Plata National University School of Medical Science (La Plata, Argentina). He went on to complete: a fellowship in critical care medicine at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery at the University of Chile (Santiago, Chile) a residency in internal medicine at the Lincoln Medical Center, New York Medical College (New York, NY, USA) and a fellowship in infectious diseases at the University of Louisville School of Medicine. He is board certified in internal medicine and holds a subspecialty certification in infectious diseases. Julio Ramirez’s research interests include clinical research in the field of pneumonia, and basic research in the field of diagnosis and pathogenesis of infections due to atypical pathogens. He has more than 100 publications in these areas, in journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, Clinical Infectious Diseases and Chest. He is also a reviewer for several journals including the New England Journal of Medicine and Annals of Internal Medicine. Julio Ramirez has served as a member of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) committee for the development of national guidelines for the management of CAP, and has served as a member of the Food and Drug Administration advisory committee for anti-infective drugs. He is also a Fellow in the American College of Physicians (ACCP). xi