BMI body mass index CHF chronic heart failure CNS clinical nurse specialist COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CRD chronic respiratory disease DALYs disability-adjusted life-years ED emergency department EOL end of life ESRD end-stage renal disease FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s FVC forced vital capacity GP general practitioner ICU intensive care unit ILD interstitial lung disease IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis LST life-sustaining treatment MDP Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile NIV noninvasive ventilation NPPV noninvasive positive pressure ventilation NRS numerical rating scale NSCLC nonsmall cell lung cancer PEOLC palliative and end-of-life care RCT randomised controlled trial SCLC small cell lung cancer VAS visual analogue scale List of abbreviations