List of abbreviations AHI Apnoea–hypopnoea index AIDS Acquired immunodeciency syndrome ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARF Acute respiratory failure ASB Assisted spontaneous breathing ASV Adaptive servo ventilation ASSPCV Assisted pressure-controlled ventilation AVAPS Average volume-assured pressure support BMI Body mass index CF Cystic  brosis COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure ECG Electrocardiogram EPAP Expiratory positive airway pressure FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 s FIO2 Inspiratory oxygen fraction FVC Forced vital capacity HIV Human immunodeciency virus ICU Intensive care unit IPAP Inspiratory positive airway pressure IPPV Intermittent positive pressure ventilation IVAPS Intelligent volume-assured pressure support NIV Noninvasive ventilation NPV Negative pressure ventilation OHS Obesity hypoventilation syndrome OSA(S) Obstructive sleep apnoea (syndrome) PaCO2 Arterial carbon dioxide tension PaO2 Arterial oxygen tension PAV Proportional assist ventilation PCV Pressure-controlled ventilation PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure PSV Pressure support ventilation PtcCO2 Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension SaO2 Arterial oxygen saturation RCT Randomised controlled trial SpO2 Arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry TB Tuberculosis TLC Total lung capacity VCV Volume-controlled ventilation VT Tidal volume