PUBLISHED BY THE EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOCIETY CHIEF EDITORS Maria R. Bonsignore, Winfried Randerath, Sophia E. Schiza and Anita K. Simonds ERS STAFF Rachel Gozzard, Caroline Ashford-Bentley, Alice Bartlett, Matt Broadhead, Neil Bullen, Clarissa Charles, Jonathan Hansen, Claire Marchant, Catherine Pumphrey and Kay Sharpe © 2023 European Respiratory Society Design by Claire Marchant and Clarissa Charles, ERS Typeset by Nova Techset Private Limited, India Indexed by Merrall-Ross International, UK Printed by Page Bros Group Ltd, Norwich, UK All material is copyright to the European Respiratory Society. It may not be reproduced in any way including electronically without the express permission of the society. CONTACT, PERMISSIONS AND SALES REQUESTS: European Respiratory Society, 442 Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2PX, UK Tel: +44 114 2672860 Fax: +44 114 2665064 e-mail: books@ersnet.org Print ISBN: 978-1-84984-163-4 Online ISBN: 978-1-84984-164-1 ePub ISBN: 978-1-84984-165-8