ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage
CRP C-reactive protein
CT computed tomography
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ICU intensive care unit
IFN interferon
IL interleukin
ILD interstitial lung disease
IMV invasive mechanical ventilation
JAK Janus kinase
MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome
MERS-CoV MERS coronavirus
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIMV noninvasive mechanical ventilation
NIV noninvasive ventilation
RCT randomised controlled trial
RSV respiratory syncytial virus
SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
TNF tumour necrosis factor
VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia
VOC variant of concern
WHO World Health Organization
List of abbreviations