Contents Preface v Guest Editors vi Introduction: CPET in clinical practice. Recent advances, current x challenges and future directions J. Alberto Neder, Pierantonio Laveneziana, Susan A. Ward and Paolo Palange List of abbreviations xxvi 1. Determinants of the physiological systems responses to 1 muscular exercise in healthy subjects Susan A. Ward 2. Abnormal patterns of response to incremental CPET 34 J. Alberto Neder, Danilo C. Berton, Alcides Rocha, Flavio F. Arbex, Maria Clara N. Alencar, Luiza Helena Degani-Costa, Eloara M.V. Ferreira, Roberta Ramos and Denis E. O’Donnell 3. Equipment, measurements and quality control 59 Janos Porszasz, William Stringer and Richard Casaburi 4. Reference values in adults 82 Luis Puente-Maestu, Julia García de Pedro, Paola Antonella Benedetti, Jose Javier García López and Walther Ivan Giron-Matute 5. Patterns of cardiopulmonary response to exercise in COPD 107 Denis E. O’Donnell, Amany F. Elbehairy, Nicolle J. Domnik, Sandra Vincent, Jordan A. Guenette, Katherine A. Webb and J. Alberto Neder 6. Patterns of cardiopulmonary response to exercise in fibrotic ILD 128 Yannick Molgat-Seon, Jordan A. Guenette, Michele R. Schaeffer, Christopher J. Ryerson, Mathieu Marillier, Samuel Verges, Denis E. O’Donnell and J. Alberto Neder 7. Patterns of cardiopulmonary response to exercise in cardiac diseases 146 Piergiuseppe Agostoni and Gaia Cattadori ERS monograph Clinical Exercise Testing Number 80 June 2018