AE acute exacerbation CF cystic fibrosis COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CRP C-reactive protein CT computed tomography FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s FVC forced vital capacity HRCT high-resolution computed tomography ICU intensive care unit IL interleukin IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus aureus NTM nontuberculous mycobacteria PaCO 2 arterial carbon dioxide tension PaO 2 arterial oxygen tension QoL quality of life RCT randomised controlled trials SaO 2 arterial oxygen saturation TNF tumour necrosis factor List of abbreviations