12. Genetic counselling 143 Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko and Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek 13. Registries: roles, objectives and registry data study outcomes 150 Iris G.M. Schouten, Jan Stolk, Jan Fuge, Marise J. Kasteleyn and Sabina Janciauskiene 14. Future directions: diagnostic approaches and therapy with AAT 159 Sabina Janciauskiene and Tobias Welte Case 1 179 Jeffrey H. Teckman and Dhiren Patel Case 2 184 Robert Bals Case 3 187 Ali Ataya Case 4 192 Carolin V. Schneider and Pavel Strnad, on behalf of the European Alpha1-Liver Study Group